Shrub/Tree Indiana Native Frangula caroliniana [Carolina Buckthorn] Handsome shrub or small tree with dark green, 8 to 10 vein-paired leaves. Fruits are 1/3" diameter, globose and has a sweet taste to it. Changes from red to black as it matures. Fruit ripes (Red) in August and remain on the plant until October or later, by which time it turns black.
Tree Indiana Native Fraxinus americana [White Ash] Not as adaptable as Green Ash but has better esthetics. Heavy crops of seeds on female trees cause litter, and these germinate freely making the tree slightly weedy. An unattractive ash flower gall (caused by mites) can develop on male flowers and persist into winter. Subject to storm damage, so plant in areas that shelter the tree from strong winds. Emerald Ash Borer is severely affecting all species of this genus. Damage can be prevented…
Tree Indiana Native Fraxinus pennsylvanica [Green Ash] Produces many weed seedlings, except for seedless cultivars. An unattractive ash flower gall (formed by mites) can develop on male flowers and persists into winter. Emerald Ash Borer is severely affecting all species of this genus. Damage can be prevented with the appropriate pesticide, but the treatment cost will eventually exceed replacement cost.
Tree Indiana Native Fraxinus quadrangulata [Blue Ash] The Blue Ash earned its common name from the blue dye made by early Americans from the inner bark, which contains a substance that turns blue with exposure to air. This tree is naturally found upland in dry, rocky limestone areas and is very drought tolerant. As with all ashes, Fraxinus quadrangulata is extremely susceptible to the Emerald Ash Borer. Damage from this pest can be prevented with the soil drench method imidacloprid, but the…
Tree Indiana Native Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis [Thornless Common Honeylocust] This large tree has finely compound leaves that provide a pleasant, dappled shade in the summer. The thornless forma inermis is only sold in commerce, as the profuse thorns of the species type can be a liability. Mimosa webworm and locust mite are serious pests in the Midwest, and are becoming more serious (especially in areas tending toward monoculture). Can be controlled with spraying.
Tree Indiana Native Gymnocladus dioicus [Kentucky Coffeetree] Gymnocladus dioicus is a large deciduous tree with strong winter character from the branches and bark. Drops pods (female trees) and twigs, frequently causing litter problem, thus eliminating the straight species as a good street tree. Seeds were once used by US settlers as a coffee substitute, however pulp and seeds are toxic when not properly and completely roasted.
Shrub/Tree Indiana Native Hamamelis virginiana [Common Witchhazel] Flowers are in evidence because of their spicy fragrance before they are visually obvious, but are fairly showy after leaf drop. Should not be pruned (tip pinching would be acceptable to direct growth).
Shrub Indiana Native Ilex glabra [Inkberry] This species, like other hollies, is dioecious, so plant females for fruit and an occasional male for pollination. Withstands severe pruning. Winter desiccation injury to leaves occurs in exposed sites, with severe yellowing when temperatures drop below -20 degrees F. Avoid high pH soils.
Tree Indiana Native Ilex opaca [American Holly] This species, like other hollies, is dioecious, so plant females for fruit and an occasional male for pollination. Winter dessication injury can occur on leaves in exposed sites. Holly leaf miners are one of the major problem pests for Ilex opaca.
Shrub Indiana Native Ilex verticillata [Common Winterberry] Excellent show of bright red berries in winter and fruiting color is best in full sun. This species, like other hollies, is dioecious, so plant females for fruit and an occasional male for pollination. Adaptable to wet soils, but tolerates more normal conditions also. Native habitats are swampy areas. Tends to sucker and can be quite twiggy. Leaf spot and mildew can be serious problems. Develops chlorosis on alkaline soils.
