Flower Notes:
Green (Yellowish-green monoecious catkins; not ornamentally important)
Foliage Notes:
Purple (Purplish edged with rose and pinkish white)
Fruit Notes:
Brown ((Three winged nut is edible))
Soil Notes:
Prefers acid soil, some soil moisture and good drainage to perform best; does not tolerate wet and clay soils
Range:
Central and Southern Europe
Diagnostic Characteristics:
Leaves simple, alternate, serrated, 2-4" long, entire, undulate, acute apex, purplish with pinkish white edges, glabrous at maturity, silky when young. Foliage with wavy, entire margins (F. grandifolia has coarsely serrate margins). Petioles can be downy. Buds are long, slender, and pointed with many scales. Fruit is 3-sided nut in prickly husks that ripen in October. Smooth, gray bark that appears wrinkled in some areas, resembling an elephant's hide.