Flower Notes:
Green (Greenish and insignificant catkins, with staminate spikes twice as long as pistillate, in March)
Foliage Notes:
Green (Spring/Summer); Multi-Colored (Fall coloration is variable, ranging from yellow-green to bronze or yellow)
Fruit Notes:
Multi-Colored (Emerging white as a syncarp of drupes, becoming red, and finally a deep purplish-black; edible)
Soil Notes:
Widely adapted to different soils
Diagnostic Characteristics:
Leaves (2-6") are alternate, simple, glossy dark green, ovate to cordate with variable lobing and crenatedentate margins (highly lobed on young fast-growing juvenile plants to undivided on mature plants). Buds (1/8 - 1/4"), are born off-center from leaf scar, brown and tan, imbricate, globose to obovate and display fine hairs along bud scales. Accessory buds are often present. Stem color is from yellow-green to brownish-gray. Orange-tan lenticels are present on older stems.