Flowers:
Yellow;red (Large, yellow-brown male catkins;small, reddish female catkins; emerge early in spring)
Foliage:
Green (Medium to dark green, curled and twisted foliage); Yellow (Poor yellow fall foliage)
Fruit:
Brown (Very rarely produced; edible, 0.75" long nut in a toothed and lobed involucre of equal length)
Soil:
Tolerant of poor, dry soils
Diagnostic Characteristics:
The curled, twisted, and contorted leaves (2-4" long by 1.5-3" wide) are alternate, simple, doubly serrated, and pubescent above and below, with a cordate leaf base and sharply acuminate tip. Stem and petiole are both glandular pubescent.
