Flower Notes:
White (Small creamy flowers; Blooms in late May; Dioecious; Not ornamentally important)
Foliage Notes:
Green (Lustrous, dark green evergreen foliage in summer; Sometimes light yellow-green; May become tinged bronze or purple in the winter)
Stem Notes:
Young stems are green and become gray-brown as plant matures; Slender, powdery, pubescent, glabrous
Fruit Notes:
Black (Shiny black berry-like drupes in the fall that can persist into winter; About 1/4" in dia.)
Soil Notes:
Prefers moist, acidic soils and does not tolerate high alkalinity or dry soils
Diagnostic Characteristics:
Evergreen leaves (0.75-2" long by 0.3-0.75" wide) are alternate, simple, and oblanceolate with few obtuse teeth near apex or entire, dark green above lighter below. Leaves are very thin compared to Ilex crenata. Young stems are green, pubescent and powdery; 1st year, less so later.