Flower Notes:
Green (Generally monoecious; not ornamentally important)
Foliage Notes:
Green (Bright to light green foliage in summer); Yellow (Light yellow foliage (not always impressive))
Stem Notes:
olive-brown, slender, prominently lenticelled, shining
Fruit Notes:
Black (Inconspicuous purple-black berries; birds like berries)
Soil Notes:
Tolerates alkaline, acidic, dry, wet, and rocky soils
Range:
Eastern and central North America
Diagnostic Characteristics:
Leaves (2-5" long) are simple and alternate in 2 rows along twig, ovate to oblong-ovate and serrate except at base, long tapering tip, dull light or medium green above, paler below. Oblique leaf base. Pointed and appressed chestnut colored buds. Olive brown stems are lenticelled. Bark is characteristically ridged and warty.